Soil remediation describes a process in which soil that has been contaminated or polluted is returned to a healthy state. Since the sources of contamination are wide-ranging, there are an equally diverse set of techniques and strategies used in the remediation process.
With increasing awareness of environmental issues, media coverage and public awareness of soil remediation is growing. It is essential for environmental protection and for human health
We briefly explore the key types of remediation. There are a range of specialist remediation contractors such as those seen here soilfix.co.uk/services/soil-and-groundwater-remediation/ who can select and apply the appropriate remediation solution – or solutions – to an area of contamination.
Bioremediation
A natural and environmentally friendly approach, Bioremediation utilises plants or microorganisms to neutralise and break down a range of contaminants in the soil. Carefully selected microorganisms such as fungi or bacteria are capable of transforming specified pollutants into substances which are less harmful to the environment and to human habitation. In a contrasting and sometimes complementary approach, some plants have the ability to accumulate and absorb contaminants in a process referred to as phytoremediation. Bioremediation is commonly applied to pollutants with an organic origin such as solvents, petroleum hydrocarbons and pesticides.
Chemical Remediation
The utilisation of chemicals and chemical processes in the treatment of soil contamination is referred to as chemical remediation. A range of techniques, including reduction and oxidation, are used to modify the chemical composition of the targeted pollutants, thereby reducing their toxicity. There are a number of commonly used techniques, including chemical oxidation, the extraction of vapour and soil flushing. Chemical remediation is effective in addressing numerous contaminants such as solvents, heavy metals and organic pollutants.
Physical Remediation
Removing or isolating soil in a contaminated area protects the surrounding environment and is referred to as physical remediation. It is commonly used where the contamination is highly localised. Some solutions involve soil capping, in which a further barrier is overlaid on the contaminated substrate to provide protection. Physical remediation is suited to hazards such as radioactive materials and asbestos.
